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HELIUM GAS 2 Helium is a chemical element and a noble gas. It has the atomic number 2 and is the second most abundant element He in the universe, after hydrogen. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic and chemically very stable. Helium 1. BASIC INFORMATION 4.0026 He 2. PROPERTIES Symbol: He Colorless, odorless, Atomic number: 2 tasteless gas. Atomic mass: 4.0026 u Very low density Group: 18 (Noble gases) (about 7 times lighter Period: 1 than air). Electron configuration: Extremely low boiling point: State at room temperature: Gas -268.93 °C (4.22 K) Color: Colorless Odor: Odorless Proton (2) Chemically inert and Because it is lighter very stable. Taste: Tasteless Neutron (2) than air and non- Toxicity: Non-toxic Electron (2) Remains a gas even at flammable, helium Flammability: Non-flammable extremely low temperatures is used to fill balloons under normal pressure. and airships safely. 3. USES 4. SAFETY AND RISKS Cryogenics: Used to cool superconducting magnets in MRI machines and other medical equipment. ! Helium is not toxic, but inhaling it can be dangerous. Welding: Provides an inert atmosphere that protects metals from oxidation. It can cause dizziness, loss of ! consciousness or suffocation Electronics: Used in the production of semiconductors, because it displaces oxygen fiber optics and other high-tech materials. in the lungs. Laboratory use: Used as a carrier gas in gas High-pressure helium can cause chromatography and other analytical techniques. ! injury if tanks or valves are handled improperly. Diving: Used in breathing mixtures (heliox) for deep-sea diving to reduce nitrogen narcosis. Always use in well-ventilated areas and follow proper safety Aerospace: Used to pressurize fuel tanks and purge procedures. systems in rockets and spacecraft. 5. OCCURRENCE AND PRODUCTION 6. IMPORTANCE Helium is not found in the atmosphere in large amounts. It is Helium is one of the most useful and irreplaceable gases in produced by the radioactive decay of elements such as uranium modern life. It is essential for: and thorium in the Earth's crust. Over millions of years, helium accumulates in natural gas deposits. Advanced medical technologies (MRI, cryotherapy) The main method of production is the Scientific research (low temperature, space, physics) CONTACT PROCESS: High-tech industries (electronics, semiconductors) Safety-critical systems in aviation and space Because helium is a limited and non-renewable resource on Natural gas Sulfur Sulfur Sulfuric Earth, its careful and responsible use is very important for (extracted from dioxide trioxide acid the future. the ground) + + H2O QUICK FACTS CAUTION! DID YOU KNOW? Discovered: 1868 (Pierre Janssen) HELIUM IS SAFE, Helium makes your voice sound higher Found in the Sun before on Earth! BUT IMPROPER USE because sound travels faster in helium Boiling point: -268.93 (4.22 K) CAN BE DANGEROUS. than in air! Density (at 0 °C, 1 atm): 0.1786 g/L (gas) USE RESPONSIBLY!