FTLI 04

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FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula 4- Tradução Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
 Psycholinguistics and
translation
 Sociolinguistics and
translation
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics will aid our understanding of the 
translation process helping us reflect on the issue of the 
untranslability – is it really possible to translate all texts 
from a SL to a TL? Can all texts really be translated? Can 
translators always find equivalents from one language into 
another?
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics will help us reflect on the role of society in 
the translation process. Is the language used in a given 
social environment perfectly translatable into a different 
language? What about the society to which the other 
language belongs - can the reader from the TL understand 
the situation described in the SL?
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Translation and Psycholinguistics
“Translating from one language to another, unless it is from 
Greek and Latin, the queens of all languages, is like looking 
at Flemish tapestries from the wrong side, for although the 
figures are visible, they are covered by threads that 
obscure them, and cannot be seen with the smoothness 
and color of the right side.”
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Translation and Psycholinguistics
The idea that “all figures are visible [but] covered by 
threads that obscure them…” is a very powerful metaphor 
of translation and ever present in psycholinguistic 
theories of translation
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Psycholinguistic Theories
Sapir-Whorf goes on to describe that certain ideas from a 
SL language cannot be understood by those who speak 
another language either because the structure or the 
semantics of the language does not have a corresponding 
message
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The indeterminacy of translation 
Quine’s thesis of the indeterminacy of translation is based 
on the fact that there are different ways with which one 
might break a sentence into words, and different ways to 
distribute functions among words, and that, depending on 
the translator’s choices the meanings would vary 
considerably. Let’s consider the following 
sentence: Never had Joan visited this place before. 
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Quine’s theory
Another aspect of Quine’s theory has to do with the 
indeterminacy of reference which accounts for the fact 
that if one has to look for a referential item from a SL to a 
TL he will find many possible answers which are equally 
correct.
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Hejwowski’s theory
Hejwowski (2004) which states that although not any 
text can be translated, translation IS possible if:
• there is a common human experience which will allow 
the TL reader relate to the experience being described 
(this is the case of the Apple ad – even though the 
reader may not have experienced the launching of the 
Apple computer, the fact that this brand of computers 
is still on sale, helps the understanding);
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Hejwowski’s theory
There is similarity of mental and linguistic structures 
which will cater for the understanding of the message (as 
is the case of the translation of one if the types of snow 
into Brazilian Portuguese, the possible choice would be 
simply neve due to the lack of specific vocabulary);
there is empathy (i.e. the message would be interesting 
enough so as to gain the TL reader’s interest).
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The impossibility of translation
Sapir-Whorf (1950) contributed to the study of 
psycholinguistics with the hypothesis that translation 
between languages would be impossible as there are 
certain thoughts of speakers of a language that cannot be 
understood by individuals that speak another language. 
According to them, human languages determine the 
structure of the real world as human beings perceive it, 
rather than vice versa.
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Translation and Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics can be defined as the study of language in 
its social context, which would include different aspects 
such as social class, age, gender, register, among others. 
It also aims at examining how social categorization can be 
reflected in language differentiation and also how 
language differences contribute to social distinction
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Variation
Languages have a variation according to location, age, 
style, ethnic group and social class. Besides, they should 
also be connected to social relations and, more precisely, 
who the other is and how we interact with him
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Language Contact and Interaction Dynamics
The contact among languages has also been studied by 
sociolinguistics particularly when investigating code-
switching (changing from on language to another), code-
mixing (mixing languages within the same sentence) and 
borrowing (using codes from one language into another). 
The interference between languages has to be carefully 
examined during translations. 
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Language as action
Sociolinguists have observed how language works in and 
across communities and realized that language use does 
not simply represent but also contributes to the 
definition of oneself, the other and those to whom they 
relate. 
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Summing up
Translation is inside and outside words as communication 
occurs not just by the use of words, then translation is 
an act that takes into account not just the text but also 
its representation (layout, segmentation, presentation as 
a text alone or not)
2) Translation is a compromise à A translation carries 
some degree of adaptation, not just linguistic 
transformation, but also social adjustment between the 
translator and the author, and the translator and the 
ones to whom the text in the SL is addressed.
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Some questions...
• Is it allowed to use foreign words in translations?
• Are there linguistic variation according to age, location
and social class?
• Why does Sapir-Whorf believe that translations are 
impossible?
Tradução, Psicolinguística e Sociolinguística – Aula 4
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The end ( summing up )
We had a brief idea of:
Psycholinguistics and translation
Sociolinguistics and translation
MODELO DE MOLDURA PARA 
IMAGEM COM ORIENTAÇÃO 
VERTICAL